Baklava: The Legacy of Turkish Culinary Culture
Baklava is like going on a delicious journey through the complex layers of history. A sweet proof of cultural exchange and culinary evolution. Baklava originates from the imperial kitchens of the Ottoman Empire. Baklava is woven into the fabric of different cuisines. Therefore, each type reveals the creativity and regional nuances of those who embrace this iconic Turkish dessert. Join us as we unravel the rich tapestry of Baklava – from its historical roots to the tantalizing varieties that grace tables worldwide, and explore the cultural heritage that binds this delightful treat to Turkish culinary prowess.
There is a serious competition between Greece and Turkey regarding which culinary culture baklava belongs to. However, historical documents and culinary historians all agree that baklava is a Turkish heritage. The most famous baklava types, pistachio baklava (Antep fistikli baklava) and Antep sarma (Antep wrap), are produced in the Gaziantep province of Turkey. Likewise, the Turkish equivalent of the word pistachio is “Antep Fistigi”. The origin of baklava is the city of Antep. Baklava is sold under the name “baklavas” in Greece. Therefore, when you look at the origin of the word, it is obvious that it is Turkish. If you want to read a detailed comparison article about Turkish and Greek cuisine, click here. Additionally, if you want to learn more about Turkish desserts, kebabs, Iskender, doner, and much more, you can follow my Pinterest account.



Why is Turkish Baklava a World Loved Dessert?
Gaziantep draws tourists globally every year, captivating them with its historical, cultural, and culinary richness.
Baklava holds a special allure, particularly for foreign tourists exploring Gaziantep. The standout features of baklava that elevate it to a global favorite include its paper-thin dough and generous filling of pistachios or walnuts. Its uniqueness also lies in the sweet aroma of butter and the beet sugar sherbet that sweetens it.
A well-prepared baklava boasts a golden top layer, visually enhanced by the green hues and shapes of the pistachios nestled within.
Tracing back to ancient times, baklava has long been a symbol of celebration and hospitality. Traditionally reserved for special guests at significant events like weddings and holidays, it embodies the value of the ingredients and the labor invested in its creation. Beyond its enticing taste and appearance, baklava carries profound cultural and social significance.
In essence, baklava stands as a dessert that rightfully garners global admiration for its delicious taste, striking visual appeal, and deep cultural importance.
Turkish Baklava Varieties
At the heart of Baklava lies the classic rendition – layers of delicate phyllo dough meticulously brushed with butter, embracing a sumptuous mixture of finely chopped nuts. Typically, a blend of walnuts and pistachios imparts a rich, nutty flavor, while the honey or sugar syrup drizzle bestows a sweet and sticky perfection.
Pistachio Baklava
Pistachio baklava is the most popular and original type of baklava. One bite and it captivates you! Originally developed in Turkey and Syria, pistachio baklava is a rich and sweet pastry made with 40 layers of thin dough (yufka) filled with finely ground pistachios from Gaziantep.
What makes baklava so appealing is not only its sweet taste but also the variety of pistachios used in it. The type and quality of pistachios used in this dessert make a significant difference in its flavor. The most suitable pistachios for baklava are grown in Turkey, Syria, and Iran.
Pistachio baklava, with its fantastic combination of Gaziantep pistachios and crispy thin layers of dough, has been the most beloved type of baklava since the Middle Ages.

Walnut Baklava

Gaziantep pistachios flourish in just a few countries, but walnuts find a home almost anywhere on earth. As a result, walnut baklava emerges as one of the most universally loved variations.
Cooks finely crush the walnuts before layering them into the baklava. This process infuses the pastry with an earthy, unmistakable flavor, yielding a gentle and pleasing sensation on the palate.
Similar to the pistachio variety, walnut baklava graces menus in countless restaurants around the globe, offering an equally delectable taste experience.
Dry Baklava
Baklavas typically have a long shelf life; however, after 3-5 days, sugar crystallization occurs, diminishing the freshness and delectability of the baklava.
Dry baklava is lightly moistened with syrup, but the syrup used is denser compared to other varieties. This ensures a longer-lasting treat, allowing you to enjoy this sweet delight for up to 30 days without spoilage or crystallization.
If you plan to purchase baklava that won’t be consumed immediately, opting for dry baklava is advisable. All you need to do is keep it at room temperature. You can indulge in the sweetness for approximately a month.

Homemade Baklava

Baklava traditionally features around 40 layers of phyllo dough, but achieving such thinness in each sheet demands considerable time and expertise. Hence, ‘baklava masters’ are typically the ones who undertake this intricate task.
When preparing baklava at home, we, as non-experts, cannot replicate the ultra-thin, transparent phyllo sheets. Therefore, homemade baklava usually consists of 15 to 20 thicker layers. Despite the difference in layers, home cooks still fashion the dessert into the classic baklava shape.
To sum up, ‘homemade baklava’ found in stores usually signifies a version with fewer, thicker layers of phyllo.
In Turkey, some variations of homemade baklava include semolina in the recipe and employ rose water for sweetening, adding a unique twist to the traditional flavor.
Sobiyet: Like pistachio baklava but unique
Sobiyet shares similarities with pistachio baklava in its preparation, but the cooking tray and cutting method set it apart. Cooks shape Şöbiyet into triangles, creating a distinct presentation. This dessert blends the richness of buffalo clotted cream (or fresh clotted cream) with classic pistachio baklava, offering a lighter alternative for those seeking a break from the intense sweetness typical of other Turkish Baklava varieties.
The fresh cream layered within the baklava imparts a light and refreshing taste. However, this type of baklava has a downside: its brief shelf life means you should consume it within a day.

Carrot Slice Baklava: The taste of giant baklava slices

As implied by its name, cooks prepare carrot slice baklava in a large tray and then cut it into shapes that mimic carrots, resulting in larger portion sizes on the plate.
This baklava variant, allowing a choice between walnut or pistachio fillings, enjoys widespread popularity and is readily available in every baklava shop across Turkey.
Ice cream or fresh cream serves as the perfect complement to carrot slice baklava; you can create a delightful sandwich by opening up your baklava and placing your ice cream inside. In this way, you will experience a different interpretation of the unique taste of Turkish baklava.
Bulbul Yuvası “Nightingale nest”: Unique interpretation of baklava
Nightingale’s nest, an Anatolian dessert, features paper-thin dough distinct from the stacked layers seen in pistachio baklava. Instead, chefs roll the phyllo sheets around a thin rolling pin, creating a cylindrical shape. They then fill the central space with either walnuts or pistachios.
Earning its name from its likeness to a bird’s nest, this Turkish baklava variety is aptly called “nightingale’s nest.”

Sutlu Nuriye: A cheaper choice than pistachio baklava

In 1980, the Mayor of Istanbul responded to complaints about high baklava prices in the city by regulating baklava prices.
The Güllüoğlu family, renowned as one of the world’s best baklava producers, couldn’t compromise on the quality of their baklava but found a solution by creating a new, more affordable type – Sütlü Nuriye. Made with hazelnuts instead of pistachios, and soaked in milk for added richness, it offered a distinct variation.
Perhaps, after all, this was the baklava type Turkey needed; perfectly balanced, sweet yet light, and reasonably priced.
Fıstık Dolama “stuffed pistachios”: Green version of Turkish baklava
Finely ground pistachios are wrapped in an extremely thin and transparent dough and dipped in sugar syrup. This is one of the baklava varieties that tastes not like traditional pastry baklava but more like an energy bar with pistachios. Because approximately half of its content consists of pistachios. Therefore, the price as well as the superior taste surprises people.
Its bright green color makes it very attractive and you can be sure that it tastes as good as it looks.

Dilber Dudagi “belle lip”: One of the most striking Turkish baklava varieties

It is definitely one of the most striking types among Turkish baklava types. The name of this dessert is a nod to its attractive shape. However, unlike the lips, this dessert is as crunchy as can be. It takes real mastery and experience to give the dough this shape.
Prepared with yoghurt, milk, egg, lemon, sugar, flour, butter and water, dilber lip is sweetened by pouring cold sugar sherbet (sorbet) over fresh and warm dough.
Cold Baklava: The lightest form of baklava
Baklava stands as a quintessential delight in Turkish cuisine, where walnuts or pistachios interspersed among thin dough layers unite with syrup for a spectacular taste experience. Reflecting the richness and inventiveness of Turkish culinary arts, the baklava world has seen innovative variations like cold baklava emerge.
A baklava master from Diyarbakır, in pursuit of a lighter baklava, ingeniously crafted the recipe for Cold Baklava. Differing from traditional baklava, this version includes milk, chocolate, and less syrup.
Chefs serve Cold Baklava sliced, often topped with a dusting of light powdered sugar or finely ground hazelnuts. Its frozen texture and refreshing lightness make it a popular choice for those seeking a sweet, cooling treat during hot weather.
Therefore, cold baklava is an example that draws from the rich heritage of Turkish cuisine and adds innovative touches to traditional flavors. It is a great alternative for those who love the traditional taste of baklava as well as those looking for a light and cool taste. This Turkish dessert opens a new page in the Turkish dessert tradition and offers an unforgettable experience to the palate.

